A chemosystematic overview of pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Some pteridophytes of medicinal importance from rajasthan. Pteridophytes ferns and lycophytes are freesporing vascular plants that have a life cycle with alternating, freeliving gametophyte and sporophyte phases that are independent at maturity. International research botany group 2017 international. Phytochemical studies in pteridophytes growing in brazil. Most of the pteridophytes ferns and fernallies show their luxuriant and vigorous growth during the rainy season particularly in the hilly regions usually above 1400 m altitude. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle. This author lists a total of 671 references, but only one work had been carried out in brazil miraglia et al. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are also referred to as cryptogams.
Tree fern growth strategy in the late devonian cladoxylopsid species pietzschia levis from the study of its stem and root system american journal of botany. Haeckel 1866 called these groups of plants as pteridophytes because of their pinnate or feather like fronds leaves. The plant list includes 46,428 scientific plant names of species rank for the pteridophytes. Floristic composition of alabama piedmont floodplains across a gradient of stream channel incision. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In the jungle rubber production system there are a number of secondary products next to rubber latex that is the main product. Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are. Pteridophytes article about pteridophytes by the free. Pteridophytes ferns and fern allies the plant list. The pterdiophytes, or fern allies, are a group that share similarities in life cycle, ecology, and physiology, and are considered a paraphyletic grouping. Fire effects information system species accounts, with additional information centered on the fire ecology of the plant.
Besides having various medicinal properties, the pteridophytes are also employed for a variety of commercial and environmental purposes. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. Pteridophyta mcq multiple choice question and answer pteridophyta mcq with detailed explanation for interview, entrance and competitive exams. Dec 08, 2017 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Like reptiles first true land animals that evolved after.
The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo. Furthermore, in hymenophyllous ferns, the sporophyte is. Like reptiles first true land animals that evolved. In all pteridophytes the dominant plant is the sporophyte brown below with the gametophyte blue below shortlived. They are all vascular plants bearing spores during reproduction, and exhibit a diplohaplontic lifecycle alternation of generations with a dominant sporophyte stage. The innhabitants of dry land are selaginella rupestris, selaginella lepidophylla, equisetum arvens etc pteridophytes shows large variation in the form, size and habit. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial plants and thrive well in abundant moisture and shade while some flourish well in open, dry situations especially in xeric conditions. The innhabitants of dry land are selaginella rupestris, selaginella lepidophylla, equisetum arvens etc. As with all plants, in pteridophytes, meiosis is sporic, meaning that cells of the sporophyte undergo meiosis and generate spores that then develop into the gametophyte via mitosis. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. Jul 06, 2009 for the best answers, search on this site evolutionarily, they are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues xylem and phloem,in pteridophytes, the main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves.
As they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as cryptogams. The term is now used only informally to denominate a fern monilophyte or lycophyte. Various animals use the fronds as food while birds and small creatures use the plants for cover. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. Influences of life history attributes on formation of local and distant fern populations. The name pteridophyte means featherplant, denoting the. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification.
As in seed plants, the greatest diversity of pteridophytes is found in the tropics, with only about six hundred species adapted for life in temperate climates. Pteridophytes definition of pteridophytes by medical dictionary. Stelar evolution in pteridophytes ppt types of steles and its evolution in pteridophytes ppt what is stele. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows.
Ferns belong to a group of plants called featherplants or pteridophytes, along with club mosses and horsetails. It consist of the leaves and stems, photosynthesis occurs here. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. Terrestrial pteridophytes as indicators of a forestlike. The current trends in the subject are explained in a simple, lucid and understandablewriting style. There are about eleven thousand different species of pteridophytes, making them the most diverse land plants. The empirical basis of botanical systematics has been broadened far beyond the realm of macromorphological traits on which systematists have based their decisions for more than 200 years. However, the pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving.
Jan 23, 2017 introduction and definition the pteridophytes gk. Stelar theory, components of stele, different types of steles in plants, protostele. A good portion of the image references used here tap fine image resources for nonflowering vascular plants. In addition, in pteridophytes, the gametophyte is often very thin and can be unistratose, especially at the margins yatskievych, 2003. Pteridophytes diversity of satpura hills balendra pratap singh and ravi upadhyay department of botany, govt. Pteridophyta is the most highly evolved group among the cryptogams. Heterosporous megaspores important in species identifications and gametophyte development is endosporic. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body, different. Pteridophyta is designed to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of botany. Presently, the indian system of medicine uses over 1,100 medicinal plants and most of them are collected from the wild habitat, of which over five dozen species are said to be in great demand. Pteridophyta mcq multiple choice question and answer.
Species of pteridophytes contained within the plant list belong to 35 plant families and 568 plant genera. Featherplants are among the worlds most ancient plants, found as fossils in rocks 400 million. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are epiphytes. What are euphylls and how did they most likely evolve. Firstly, pteridophytes are the vascular plants plants having xylem and phloem that reproduces via spores. Pteridophytes are mostly terrestrial sometimes growing in the moist and shady regions. Pteridophytes pteridophytes is a general term for the vascular, free. College, pipariya 461775, mp, india corresponding author abstract introduction the satpura range is a range of hills in central india.
They have leaves, roots, stem and sometimes trunks also. Phytochemical studies in brazilian pteridophytes soeder 1985 reported a large inventory of papers that appeared between 1966 and 1984 on the chemical constituents of pteridophytes. Some other uses are ferns provide natural vegetation thats important to both wildlife and birds. Rubber is planted together with rice, vegetables, herbs, and a limited number of. Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes. Unlike the ferns, which are a highly successful, flourishing group, the fern allies as we call the other pteridophytes are virtually living fossils. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. This fern life cycle is representative of all pteridophytes. Similar to the life cycle of seed plants, the pteridophytes also involves the alternation of generations in its life cycle.
The pteridophytes ferns and fern allies pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves known as fronds, roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. The body of the sporophyte is well differentiated into roots, stem and leaves. Terrestrial pteridophytes as indicators of a forestlike environment. Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are vascular plants that reproduce via spores. Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. Pteridophytes definition of pteridophytes by medical.
The tribes of various regions of india are involved in the collection and trades of the herbs2, 3. The range rises in eastern gujrat state near the arabian sea coast. Fiddleheads are the young furled coiled up heads of a young fern. A pteridophyte sensu lato is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that reproduces via spores, and therefore was a member of the former and now invalid taxon pteridophyta. Pteridophytes general characters and life cycle of ferns email. International research botany group 2017 international botany project international research botany group international botany project non profit research institute research service botanical team recycled paper free for members of international equisetological association. Pteridophytes and forbs with facwobl designations are associated with sites exhibiting referencetype geomorphic conditions, i. Terrestrial pteridophytes as indicators of a forestlike environment in rubber production systems in the lowlands of jambi, sumatra h. Pteridophyta objective type questions pdf download.
Pteridophytes shows large variation in the form, size and habit. The plant list includes a further 3,533 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the pteridophytes. Must eat cooked or steamed, not raw, although some people do eat fiddleheads raw and end up getting throat and gastric cancers. Download objective type questions of pteridophyta pdf visit our pdf store. In 1880, the cryptogams of the plant kingdom were divided. In pteridophytes, gametes are produced via mitosis from special cells of the gametophyte. For the best answers, search on this site evolutionarily, they are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues xylem and phloem,in pteridophytes, the main plant body is a sporophyte which. Seed plants include the angiosperms, the conifers, and a smaller assortment of other plants. Pteridophytes may represent the closest living relatives sister group to the seed plants. Pteridophytes part1 for neet aiims jipmer duration. With the commencement of monsoon about mid june, the ferns and fernallies start growing vigourously and luxuriantly. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration.
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